Charting a Course: Batteries in the Maritime Industry

Abstract:

Low-carbon energy technologies such as ammonia, batteries, e-fuels, biofuels and hydrogen fuel cells are rapidly gaining traction in the maritime industry. Heavy fuel oil will soon no longer be the primary choice for propulsion. Battery technology is an important part of the mix, offering energy efficiency, reduced emissions and improved performance for smaller vessels, with hybrid solutions emerging for longer distances and international shipping. The UK can be at the forefront of these developments but must invest in port and charging infrastructure. The global maritime industry facilitates the movement of goods, people and resources across oceans, seas, lakes, rivers and inland waterways. The industry encompasses navigation, shipping and marine engineering and utilises a wide range of vessels for specific sub-markets. With over 80% of global trade by volume transported by sea, the maritime industry is a critical component of the global economy. However, the maritime industry is currently heavily reliant on fossil fuels to power ships and is considered a hard-to-abate sector. The International Maritime Organisation aims to reduce carbon emissions in the sector by 50% by 2050 compared to 2008 levels. This insight explores the alternative technologies for the maritime sector, including hydrogen, natural gas, battery-electric propulsion and other low-carbon fuels, and assesses the size of the battery-powered maritime market. The specific performance characteristics of battery technology for different applications across the maritime sector are outlined, and proposed actions to develop and support the UK maritime industry are also highlighted.

Publication Year:

2025

Publisher:

Faraday Institution

DOI:

No DOI minted

Author(s):

Gifford, S.